Across the past 5 years, White defendants have consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, compared to Black defendants at 66%. Similar to trends in adults, children from the Asian ethnic group (3%) were significantly less likely to be victim of personal crime than those from the White ethnic group (7%). Criminal legal aid consists of legal advice and representation provided to people being investigated or charged with a criminal offence. Proportions of defendants prosecuted for production, supply and intent to supply varied by year, with Black, Asian and Mixed defendants accounting for the highest proportions of defendants for Class A drugs (each 30% in 2020), while the Chinese or Other ethnic group accounted for t When ethnicity is self-reported, it is based on five broad categories: White, Black, Asian, Mixed and Chinese or Other. Black suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches for offensive weapons (including firearms) at 19%, compared to 10 to 15% for all other ethnic groups[footnote 26]. In the year ending March 2021, there were 5,777 oral parole board hearings where ethnicity was recorded[footnote 55]. In 2020, the custody rate for possession of weapons offences was highest for Black and Mixed offenders at 38%, the custody rate for White offenders was 36%, and 29% for both Asian and Chinese or Other offenders. In comparison to the period 2011/12 to 2013/14, homicides increased 25%, with a 4pp increase in the proportion of victims from the Black ethnic group, whilst the proportion of those from the White ethnic group decreased 6pp. , See technical guide for more information on what this service covers. , Data are self-declared from Home Office, as at March 2021, some small discrepancies may result from revisions of data for previous years compared to figures here. For all ethnicities, drugs were the most common reason for searches that resulted in an arrest after a stop and search, accounting for 57% of resultant arrests for White suspects, 59% for Black suspects, 69% for Asian suspects, 60% for Mixed suspects and 54% for Other suspects. , Pre-sentence reports (PSRs) are prepared by the Probation Service to provide information to the court about the offender and any circumstances surrounding the offence, to help decide on a suitable sentence. , Suspended refers to a pupil who is excluded from a school for a set period of time. See figure 5.04 for all sentencing outcomes. A fine was the most common outcome for all ethnic groups, except for the Chinese or Other group, where immediate custody was higher. Eight out of 10 black Britons and eight out of 10 Bangladeshi Britons fear "police are biased against people from my background and ethnic group", with 65% of all ethnic minorities agreeing. Of those who received a suspended sentence order, higher proportions of White and Mixed ethnicity offenders received rehabilitation requirements[footnote 60], whereas higher proportions of Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnicity offenders received unpaid work requirements. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. As shown in figure 5.03, the Chinese or Other and Black ethnic groups were more likely to be remanded in custody at Crown Court in 2020, at 51% and 49% respectively. In comparison to all other ethnic groups, higher proportions of White prisoners reported more positive experiences, including feeling respected by staff, feeling safe from COVID and having enough cleaning facilities. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. Differences in outcomes between ethnic groups over time present a mixed picture, with disparity decreasing in some areas and widening in others. In 2019/20, the CSEW estimated that 4% of adults were a victim of a personal crime on one or more occasions. It covers statistics on stop and searches and arrests, which are published by the Home Office in the Police powers and procedures: Stop and search and arrests, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2021[footnote 20]. This is an increase of 5 pp since 2019; a difference likely due to the prioritisation of non-jury trials as a result of COVID-19 restrictions . Educational attainment of those sentenced to custody was lower than the attainment of all young offenders. , See technical guide for information relating to parole board. Individuals from the Black ethnic group also had the lowest proportion of suspended sentences, at 14% in 2020. Children from minority ethnic groups accounted for two thirds (66%) of arrests of children made in London in in 2020/21. The ACSL for possession of weapon offences fell between 2016 and 2020 across all ethnic groups, except for the Mixed ethnic group . The proportion of police officers from minority ethnic groups has increased from 6.3% to 7.6% between 2017 and 2021[footnote 95]. When defendants appear in court, they have the right to either speak for themselves, or to be represented and to have someone with legal expertise speak on their behalf. In 2020, White male and female offenders had the shortest ACSL, 20.2 months and 12.6 months respectively, while Asian male and female offenders had the longest ACSL, 28.9 months and 22.3, respectively. , A long criminal history is defined as 15 or more previous cautions or convictions. This was largely consistent across all disposal types and all three measures of attainment; however, caution should be taken when breaking down proportion achieving 5 or more GCSEs A*-C by disposal type due to the small population[footnote 72]. The violent crime rate in Cleveland is 1,656.7 per 100,000 people. The arrest rate in England and Wales for white people was nine arrests per 1,000 people in the reporting year 2021/22 while black people . The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded from school, or have received a suspension, at any point during KS4. , Data for stop and searches is published by Home Office in Stop and search open data tables, Stop and searches under s60 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 accounted for approximately 1% of all stop and searches (s1 and s60) in the latest year. Arrest Statistics by Ethnicity. Controlling for offence mix across ethnic groups showed reduced disparity in Average Custodial Sentence Lengths and Custody Rates. The publication aims to help practitioners, policy makers, academics and members of the public understand outcomes and trends for different ethnic groups in the CJS in England and Wales. Black and minority ethnic (BAME) households in the UK are over twice as likely to live in poverty as their white counterparts . , A permanent exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded and who will not come back to that school (unless the exclusion is overturned). In 2020, the custody rate was relatively stable across ethnic groups, between 24 and 26%. Where young offenders were received a custodial sentence of more than 12 months, Black and Asian children had a higher proportion of SEN, without statement, at 72% and 74% respectively, compared to White children, at 59%. In the last 5 years, the numbers of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen for all ethnic groups, however, the proportion of children from Black, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups has increased collectively from 33% in 2016 to 39% in 2020. Across all ethnic groups, the majority of defendants dealt with at Crown Court are represented at their first hearing, ranging from 91% to 94% across ethnic groups in 2020. Therefore, trends within these broad ethnic groups will be less comparable over a 5-year time series. A higher proportion of Mixed suspects received the principal outcome of arrest at 14%, compared to 13% of Black suspects, 12% of White suspects, 11% of Other ethnicity suspects and 10% of Asian suspects. Unfortunately, we do not hold police recorded crime figures on robbery or offences involving a knife or sharp instrument, by ethnic group. There were a total of 426 homicides in London, where ethnicity of the victim was recorded, in the three-year period (2017/18 to 2019/20). Although it is impossible to make it perfectly consistent, this will reduce the differences in types of offending and enable a more comparable comparison across groups. Of all offenders sentenced in 2020, the most common outcome was a fine, at 38%. This chapter provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community. A significantly higher proportion of Black offenders with SEN, without statement, received a 12-month sentence or less (71%), compared to White offenders (60%). In 2020/21, three quarters (77%) of stop and searches resulted in the principal outcome no further action[footnote 31]. In 2020, Black offenders made up 32% of the prison population for under-18-year olds, despite accounting for only 13% of the whole prison population. The ACSL for possession of weapons offences fell by 41%, between 2016 and 2020, for Asian offenders and 23% Black offenders. Where ethnicity was recorded in the data, for all young offenders sentenced or cautioned, over half were eligible for FSM: White (57%), Black (66%), Asian (59%), and Other (68%). Those where ethnicity is not known are not included in this commentary. Criminal legal aid can be split into two categories, crime higher and crime lower[footnote 48]. We have crudely attempted to control for different offence mixes across ethnic groups by applying a similar pattern of offences being sentenced across all ethnic groups, fixing this to the White group. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of suspects who were stopped and searched remained relatively stable across most ethnic groups, with a slight decrease in those from the Black ethnic group (21% to 17%). The proportion of young offenders persistently absent was higher for White, Black and Asian ethnic groups receiving a custodial sentence compared to the total sentenced/ convicted. The number of knife crimes In England and Wales has risen to a new record high, says the Office for National Statistics. , Ethnicity was recorded for 85.7% of community orders and 87.6% of suspended sentence orders commenced in 2020. The ACSL for drug offences has increased across all ethnic groups over the past 5 years. Where young offenders received a custodial sentence, the proportion of White offenders persistently absent was significantly higher than the proportion of Black offenders, both for custody for 12 months or less (by 7pp) and for more than 12 months (by 11pp). , Senior roles are as follows: CPS - Senior Legal Manager and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS - Senior Civil Servant; Police - Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. The ethnic group question from the 2001 Census. As discussed in the Introduction, the 2011 Census data used to create these estimates is now several years old and may not accurately represent the distribution of ethnic groups in the population. in all age groups, Asian people were more likely to fear crime than White people. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). Similarly, Asian males accounted for a higher proportion of all male prosecutions and convictions at 7%, compared to Asian females, accounting for 2%, of all female prosecutions. In 2020, 41% of drug offence prosecutions of Black defendants were for possession of a Class B drug (cannabis). , The Police National Computer has a 6+1 ethnicity classification. Where differences are not referred to as being statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. Police officers have the power to stop and search individuals under different pieces of legislation. The custody rate for White children was consistently lower than for Black children (by 3 to 5 percentage points, pp) between 2016 and 2020. Figure 5.07: The average custodial sentence length in months for offenders sentenced to immediate custody for indictable offences at all courts, by ethnicity, 2016 to 2020, England and Wales. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. 428 434-6 448-20. This includes putting more information in the public domain with ethnicity breakdowns, the use of the Relative Rate Indexes[footnote 6] where appropriate and a focus on outcomes for children distinct form the adult population. The proportion of stop and searches conducted on White suspects decreased from 75% in 2014/15 to 59% in 2018/19 and increased for all minority ethnic groups. Analysis of offender characteristics such as SEN and FSM is also based on academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15. This chapter explores the nature, extent and risks of victims, in relation to ethnicity, from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) year ending March 2020 and the Home Office Homicide Index[footnote 8]. Where changes to data systems or data quality issues do not allow for this, trends have been presented for the longest periods possible. Sharp and Budd (2005) noted that the 2003 offending, crime and justice survey of 12,000 people found that whites and mixed ethnicity were more . , Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Data provided by the Home Office listing offences recorded as homicide as of 15th December 2020. In 2020, 52% of Black defendants were remanded in custody, compared to 36% of White defendants. This may partly reflect the different distributions of ethnic groups in the population in different locations, as London is more ethnically diverse than England and Wales as a whole. Drug offences accounted for 40% of convictions for Black offenders, 39% for Asian offenders, 32% for Mixed ethnicity offenders, 31% for Chinese or Other ethnic groups, and 19% for White offenders. For example, in 2020, 40% of all convictions of Black individuals were for drug offences. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. The latest data available during the compilation of this report have been included. It is the Ministry of Justices responsibility to maintain compliance with the standards expected for National Statistics. Email; data.access@justice.gsi.gov.uk. A further review by Haylock et al in 2020 of risk factors associated with weapon-related crime for young people aged 10 to 24 within the UK strengthens both of these reports. In 2020, 45% of all defendants prosecuted for drug offences at Crown Court were remanded in custody . This chapter explores police activity by ethnicity of persons stopped and searched and/or arrested. , Data are self-declared from HR records, as at 31 March 2020; not including figures from HMPPS. In 2020, minority ethnic children also had a higher proportion remanded in custody, had a higher custody rate and received on average longer custodial sentences. The proportion of White children remanded at Crown Court has been increasing over the last 5 years from 26% in 2016 to 45% in 2020, converging with the proportion of children remanded in custody from minority ethnic groups. This chapter looks at particular indictable offences to investigate the relationship between ethnicity and court outcomes. Figure 4.02: Distribution of stop and searches in London and England and Wales, by ethnicity, 2020/21. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. In 2020, of the defendants prosecuted, 76% were White, 12% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were of Mixed ethnicity groups, and 2% were Chinese or Other ethnic groups. 2, See technical guide for further information relating to the impact of COVID-19 on the courts. The total number of arrests have gone down over the last five years, in line with the declining crime rates. 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